When an older adult experiences sudden changes in cognition, which condition should be considered?

When an older adult experiences sudden changes in cognition, the condition that should be considered is delirium. Delirium is characterized by an abrupt onset of confusion and cognitive disturbances, often linked to an underlying medical condition, such as an infection, medication effects, or metabolic imbalances. Unlike dementia, which has a gradual onset and is typically irreversible, delirium can fluctuate in severity and is often reversible with appropriate medical intervention.

Recognizing delirium is crucial as it may indicate a medical emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment. The sudden nature of cognitive changes seen in delirium distinguishes it from conditions like dementia and Alzheimer's disease, where cognitive decline tends to progress slowly over time. Chronic confusion, while it may occur in a variety of contexts, does not typically address the acute changes that characterize delirium.